A high level of cholesterol in your blood can cause plaque to build up in the blood vessels, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke. Medications and lifestyle changes can help you lower your cholesterol.
Several types of tablets are available for lowering your cholesterol levels. Your doctor will recommend the best treatment for you.
Non-statin medications
Statins are the gold standard for treating high cholesterol, but they can’t work well for everyone. If you have diabetes, kidney disease, or other medical conditions that make it hard for you to take a statin, you may need another medication called a non-statin.
Newer medications are available as non-statins to help people with high cholesterol, such as ezetimibe (Zetia) and bile acid sequestrants/resins (BAS). These medication options are designed to lower your LDL cholesterol and reduce your risk of heart disease.
Ezetimibe is an oral medication that lowers your blood cholesterol by preventing your small intestine from absorbing cholesterol. It can be taken alone or combined with a statin for added cholesterol-lowering effects.
The ACC/AHA guidelines state that non-statins should be used as secondary prevention treatment in patients at very high risk of ASCVD events, those with statin intolerances, or those who do not achieve adequate LDL-C reductions from taking a statin. They recommend ezetimibe, BAS, and PCSK9 inhibitors as the non-statin LDL-C lowering drugs of choice.
Other types of non-statin medications include PPAR-alpha agonists, such as fibrates, fenofibrate, and gemfibrozil. These medications can decrease triglycerides while raising HDL cholesterol, which is considered the “good” type of cholesterol.
They also help control your levels of blood sugar, which is a key risk factor for heart disease and other problems. Fibrates, such as fenofibrate and gemfibrozil, help lower blood sugar by binding to a receptor in your body that helps regulate sugar levels.
These medications are usually taken as a once-daily dose, along with a diet that includes low-fat foods and regular physical activity. They may cause side effects, so you should consult your provider before starting them.
Some non-statins are available by prescription only, while others are available over-the-counter. It’s important to discuss all of your medications with your healthcare provider and pharmacist.
These non-statin medications are effective, but they can cause side effects, so it’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions. Some of them can be expensive, so you should check with your healthcare provider or pharmacy to see if there are any financial assistance programs.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be a useful treatment for people with high cholesterol. They reduce pain, decrease inflammation and fever and may also help prevent blood clots. The most commonly prescribed NSAIDs are ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac.
These medications work by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes in cells. This prevents the production of prostaglandins and thromboxane’s, two key biological mediators that cause pain, swelling and fever.
However, NSAIDs can also cause high cholesterol ka desi ilaj. These include stomach ulcers, kidney problems, and heart failure. They are not suitable for everyone, especially those with existing heart conditions or a family history of heart disease.
The risk of heart problems is particularly high in elderly patients. So it's important to take the right dose and for the correct amount of time.
If you need to take an NSAID, it's best to start with lower doses, so your doctor can monitor your health and adjust the dose when necessary. They'll also be able to advise you if there are any other medicines you should avoid.
Some NSAIDs may also cause stomach or intestinal bleeding and ulcers. This can happen if you take too much of the drug, or if it's taken for long periods.
These side effects should be reported to your doctor and pharmacist as soon as possible. Symptoms can range from abdominal pain and blackish stools to coffee-colored vomit. Itching, peeling skin, a fast heartbeat, trouble breathing, chest pain, and weakness of one side of the body are other warning signs.
NSAIDs can also increase the risk of stroke, and they have been linked to an increased risk of heart failure. So they're not suitable for everyone, and are often avoided by those with existing heart problems or a family history of them.
If you have an ongoing condition such as rheumatoid arthritis or obesity, your doctor might recommend an NSAID for the relief of pain and inflammation. They are usually safe to use for most people, but you must talk to your doctor before taking them if you have a history of liver disease or kidney failure.
Lipid-lowering drugs
In general, most people who have high cholesterol and are at risk for heart disease or stroke need to take a lipid-lowering drug. This can be an over-the-counter (OTC) drug, a prescription medication or a combination of both.
The type of drug you receive depends on your lipid level, age and other factors. In addition to medicines, lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and regular exercise can also help lower your cholesterol levels.
Statins are the most common type of lipid-lowering drug. These drugs reduce cholesterol production and increase the liver's ability to remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream. They also improve the lining of the blood vessels and make plaques less likely to break off and cause damage.
These drugs are often combined with lifestyle changes to improve results. These include changing to a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet and exercising regularly.
Ezetimibe -- These medications work in your intestine to stop your body from absorbing cholesterol, lowering your LDL levels and reducing triglycerides. They may be used along with a statin to lower your cholesterol even more. They have been shown to be more effective than statins alone but are not as well-tolerated as statins.
PCSK9 inhibitors -- These injectable drugs are given by injection every two to four weeks to reduce triglycerides and LDL cholesterol. They have few side effects and are very safe for most patients. They are expensive and are used primarily in patients who have persistent elevations of their LDL cholesterol, who are unable to tolerate maximally-tolerable statins or ezetimibe.
Leqvio and bempedoic acid/ezetimibe -- These adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitors are newer options approved for lowering cholesterol. These are the first drugs in this class to receive FDA approval.
They are usually injected under the skin every 6 months and can lower cholesterol by up to 40% or 50% in some patients. Pain and swelling at the injection site are the most common side effects.
There are other medications, such as nicotinic acid and jigar ki charbi ka ilaj in urdu, that may help with your cholesterol. These can be prescribed by your health care provider or you may choose to take them yourself.
Statins
Statins are a group of medicines that help to lower your cholesterol levels. They work by reducing the amount of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, the bad type, and increasing the amount of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, which helps clear the bad cholesterol from your arteries.
Doctors can prescribe a statin if you have high cholesterol and you're at risk of having a heart attack or stroke. They may also be prescribed if you have diabetes or a genetic condition called familial hypercholesterolaemia.
These medications are referred to as HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors, and they work in your liver to stop cholesterol from forming. They lower your LDL cholesterol and raise your HDL cholesterol by blocking this enzyme.
They're also known to reduce triglycerides, which are blood fats that can increase your risk of heart disease and diabetes. They can also help to prevent hardened fatty material from building up on your artery walls, called plaques.
Taking a statin can cause side effects, so it's important to talk to your doctor about them before you start. Most of these side effects go away after you've been taking them for some time, and aren't harmful. However, some side effects can be serious, such as muscle problems or a serious kidney problem.
You'll need to take your statins regularly, usually as a tablet or capsule every day. It's a good idea to take them at the same time of day, so you don't miss any.
When you start taking a new statin, it's usual to get blood tests and check your liver function before and after. Your liver and your cholesterol will be checked again after three months and a year, to make sure you're doing well on the medication and that your levels aren't going back up.
It's a good idea to keep your cholesterol levels low by cholesterol kam karne ka tarika, getting enough exercise and watching what you drink. This will reduce your risk of heart disease and will make it easier to manage your cholesterol.
If you find it difficult to take your tablets, ask your doctor if you can use another brand of statin or lower the dose. You can also switch to a cheaper brand of statin by using Good, a website that helps you find the right drug at a price that suits you.
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